使用d3制作交互式散点图

Making an interactive scatter plot with d3?

本文关键字:交互式 散点图 d3 使用      更新时间:2023-09-26

我有一个基于此示例的散点图http://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/3887118.

我想做的是通过允许用户根据数据文件中的一列选择x和y维度以及圆的大小来增加交互性。当他们选择某个东西时,图形应该自动缩放轴。

我该怎么做?这是我迄今为止的代码:http://plnkr.co/edit/ZCdEBa79Y85Koz7MepXw?p=preview

谢谢。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<style>
/*set the axis line color, dot stroke, font size, and font position*/
body {
  font: 15px sans-serif;
}
.name{
  position: relative;
  top: 90px;
  text-align: left;
  font-weight: bold;
}
.title {
  position: relative;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 25px;
}
.axis path,
.axis line {
  fill: none;
  stroke: #000;
  shape-rendering: crispEdges;
}
.dot {
  stroke: #000;
}
#filter {
  position: absolute;
}
#mark {
  padding-left: 150px;
  position: inherit;
}
#xAXs {
  position: relative;
  left: 290px;
  bottom: 30px;
}
#yAXs {
position: relative;
bottom: 30px;
left: 315px;
}
#label {
position: absolute;
top: 599px;
bottom: 125px;
left: 300px;
right: 0px;
}
#label2 {
position: absolute;
top: 599px;
bottom: 125px;
left: 430px;
right: 0px;
}
</style>
<body>

<script src="d3.min.js"></script>
<script>
var margin = {top: 20, right: 20, bottom: 30, left: 40},
    width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right,
    height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom;

var x = d3.scale.linear()
    .range([0, width]);
var y = d3.scale.linear()
    .range([height, 0]);

var color = d3.scale.category10();
var xAxis = d3.svg.axis()
    .scale(x)
    .orient("bottom");
var yAxis = d3.svg.axis()
    .scale(y)
    .orient("left");

var svg = d3.select("body").append("svg")
    .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
    .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
    .append("g")
    .attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");

d3.csv("iris.csv", function(error, data) {
  data.forEach(function(d) {
    d.petalLength = +d.petalLength;
    d.petalWidth = +d.petalWidth;
    d.sepalLength = +d.sepalLength;
    d.sepalWidth = +d.sepalWidth;
  });
  x.domain(d3.extent(data, function(d) { return d.petalWidth; })).nice();
  y.domain(d3.extent(data, function(d) { return d.petalLength; })).nice();
  svg.append("g")
      .attr("class", "x axis")
      .attr("transform", "translate(0," + height + ")")
      .call(xAxis)
    .append("text")
      .attr("class", "label")
      .attr("x", width)
      .attr("y", -6)
      .style("text-anchor", "end")
      .text("Petal Width (cm)");
  svg.append("g")
      .attr("class", "y axis")
      .call(yAxis)
    .append("text")
      .attr("class", "label")
      .attr("transform", "rotate(-90)")
      .attr("y", 6)
      .attr("dy", ".71em")
      .style("text-anchor", "end")
      .text("Petal Length (cm)")
 var circles = svg.selectAll(".dot")
      .data(data)
    .enter().append("circle")
      .attr("class", "dot")
      .attr("r", 3.5)
      .attr("cx", function(d) { return x(d.petalWidth); })
      .attr("cy", function(d) { return y(d.petalLength); })
      .style("fill", function(d) { return color(d.species); });

  var legend = svg.selectAll(".legend")
      .data(color.domain())
      .enter().append("g")
      .attr("class", "legend")
      .attr("transform", function(d, i) { return "translate(0," + i * 20 + ")"; });

  legend.append("rect")
      .attr("x", width - 18)
      .attr("width", 18)
      .attr("height", 18)
      .style("fill", color);

  legend.append("text")
      .attr("x", width - 24)
      .attr("y", 9)
      .attr("dy", ".35em")
      .style("text-anchor", "end")
      .text(function(d) { return d; });

  d3.selectAll("[name=v]").on("change", function() {
      var selected = this.value;
      display = this.checked ? "inline" : "none";

  svg.selectAll(".dot")
      .filter(function(d) {return selected == d.species;})
      .attr("display", display);
      });

  d3.selectAll("[name=sepal]").on("change", function(d) {
     radius = this.value;

  svg.selectAll(".dot")
     console.log(radius);
     circles.attr("r", radius);
     });

  d3.select("[name=xAX]").on("change", function(){
    xAxy = this.value;
    console.log(xAxy)
  })
  d3.select("[name=yAX]").on("change", function(){
    yAxy = this.value;
    console.log(yAxy)
  })
});
</script>
<br><br>

  <div id="filter">
    <b>Species Filter:</b>
        <br>
    <input name='v' value="Iris-setosa" type="checkbox" checked>Iris-setosa
    </input>
        <br>
    <input name="v" value="Iris-versicolor" type="checkbox" checked >Iris-versicolor
    </input>
        <br>
    <input name="v" value="Iris-virginica" type="checkbox" checked >Iris-virginica
    </input>
  </div>

  <form id="mark">
    <b>Size of Mark:</b>
    <div><input type="radio" name="sepal" value='sepalWidth'>Sepal Width</div>
    <div><input type="radio" name="sepal" value="sepalLength">Sepal Length</div>
  </form>
<div id="label"><b>x-Axis:</b></div>
  <select name="xAX" id="xAXs">
        <option value ="petalWidth">petalWidth</option>
        <option value ="petalLength">petalLength</option>
        <option value ="sepalLength">sepalLength</option>
        <option value ="sepalWidth">sepalWidth</option>
  </select>
<div id="label2"><b>y-Axis:</b></div>
  <select name="yAX" id="yAXs">
        <option value ="petalLength">petalLength</option>
        <option value ="petalWidth">petalWidth</option>
        <option value ="sepalLength">sepalLength</option>
        <option value ="sepalWidth">sepalWidth</option>
  </select>  
  <br>
</body>

试试这个plunkr:http://plnkr.co/edit/MkZcXJPS7hrcWh3M0MZ1?p=preview

你快到了,我只需要更新你的几个功能。以下介绍了亮点:

d3.selectAll("[name=sepal]").on("change", function(d) {
   radius = this.value;
   svg.selectAll(".dot")
   console.log(radius);
   circles.attr("r", function(d) { return d[radius]; });
});

您正在将radius设置为csv中要读取半径的列,因此现在您只需要更新svg中圆的半径,这基本上与最初设置它们时的方式相同。

d3.select("[name=xAX]").on("change", function(){
  xAxy = this.value;
  console.log(xAxy)
  x.domain(d3.extent(data, function(d) { return d[xAxy]; })).nice();
  svg.select(".x.axis").transition().call(xAxis);
  svg.selectAll(".dot").transition().attr("cx", function(d) { 
      return x(d[xAxy]);
  });
  svg.selectAll(".x.axis").selectAll("text.label").text(axisNames[xAxy] + " (cm)");
});
d3.select("[name=yAX]").on("change", function(){
  yAxy = this.value;
  console.log(yAxy)
  y.domain(d3.extent(data, function(d) { return d[yAxy]; })).nice();
  svg.select(".y.axis").transition().call(yAxis);
  svg.selectAll(".dot").transition().attr("cy", function(d) { 
      return y(d[yAxy]);
  });
  svg.selectAll(".y.axis").selectAll("text.label").text(axisNames[yAxy] + " (cm)");
});

xy轴的变化基本相同,只是参考的轴发生了变化。我在做:

  1. 使用新范围更新域(基于xAxyyAxy的值)
  2. 通过设置转换并再次调用xAxisyAxis组件来更新svg中的实际轴
  3. 更新每个.dotcxcy位置
  4. 通过在一个新数组(axisNames)中查找来更新轴上的text,该数组给出了正在绘制的变量的漂亮打印

您的问题问得太多了。通常,动态d3可视化遵循进入、退出和更新模式。有一些很棒的教程可以让你开始学习。

要修复您的特定代码,您可以分为三个部分。首先初始化绘图的不可更新部分:

var margin = {top: 20, right: 20, bottom: 30, left: 40},
    width = 500 - margin.left - margin.right,
    height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
var x = d3.scale.linear()
    .range([0, width]);
var y = d3.scale.linear()
    .range([height, 0]);
var color = d3.scale.category10();
var xAxis = d3.svg.axis()
    .scale(x)
    .orient("bottom");
var yAxis = d3.svg.axis()
    .scale(y)
    .orient("left");
var svg = d3.select("body").insert("svg",":first-child")
    .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
    .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
    .append("g")
    .attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");
// keep reference to axises
var xg = svg.append("g")
      .attr("class", "x axis")
      .attr("transform", "translate(0," + height + ")");
xg
  .append("text")
  .attr("class", "label")
  .attr("x", width)
  .attr("y", -6)
  .style("text-anchor", "end");
var yg = svg.append("g")
      .attr("class", "y axis");
yg
  .append("text")
  .attr("class", "label")
  .attr("transform", "rotate(-90)")
  .attr("y", 6)
  .attr("dy", ".71em")
  .style("text-anchor", "end");
// legend is always static
var legend = svg.selectAll(".legend")
    .data(color.domain())
    .enter().append("g")
    .attr("class", "legend")
    .attr("transform", function(d, i) { return "translate(0," + i * 20 + ")"; });
legend.append("rect")
    .attr("x", width - 18)
    .attr("width", 18)
    .attr("height", 18)
    .style("fill", color);
legend.append("text")
    .attr("x", width - 24)
    .attr("y", 9)
    .attr("dy", ".35em")
    .style("text-anchor", "end")
    .text(function(d) { return d; });

然后将可更新部分封装在函数中:

function update(){
  // get user selections
  var xVar = d3.select('#xAXs').node().value,
    yVar = d3.select('#yAXs').node().value;
  var checks = {};
  d3.selectAll('input[type=checkbox]').each(function(){
    checks[this.value] = this.checked;
  });
  var radAttr = d3.select('input[type=radio]:checked').node().value;
  // filter data based on user selections
  var data = baseData.filter(function(d,i){
    d.x = d[xVar]; // create/modify a x,y so that d3 will know it's an update
    d.y = d[yVar];
    return checks[d.species];
  });
  // set domains
  x.domain(d3.extent(data, function(d) { return d.x; })).nice();
  y.domain(d3.extent(data, function(d) { return d.y; })).nice();
  xg.call(xAxis);
  yg.call(yAxis);
  xg.select("text").text(xVar);
  yg.select("text").text(yVar);
  // on enter
  var circles = svg.selectAll(".dot")
    .data(data);
  circles.enter()
    .append("circle")
    .attr("class", "dot");
  circles.exit().remove();
  // on update
  circles.attr("cx", function(d) { return x(d.x); })
    .attr("cy", function(d) { return y(d.y); })
    .style("fill", function(d) { return color(d.species); })
    .attr("r", function(d){ return d[radAttr]; });
}

最终触发用户操作更新:

d3.selectAll('select').on('change',function(){
  update();
});
d3.selectAll('input').on('click', function(){
  update();
})

下面是一个例子。