如何使用XPath表达式在CasperJS中检索元素的属性

How to retrieve attribute of element in CasperJS using an XPath expression

本文关键字:检索 元素 属性 CasperJS 何使用 XPath 表达式      更新时间:2023-09-26

我有一个网页,中间有这个:

<a href="http://foo.com/home.do?SID=3443132">...

我需要使用XPath提取"href"属性。在CasperJS的API中编写了关于此的信息:clientutils.getElementByXPath.

这是我的代码:

phantom.casperPath = '..n1k0-casperjs-5428865';
phantom.injectJs(phantom.casperPath + '''bin''bootstrap.js');
var casper = require('casper').create();
var url = "...";
casper.start(url, function() {
casper.echo("started");
});
var x = require('casper').selectXPath;           
casper.then(function() 
{
casper.echo("getsid");  
    this.test.assertExists(x('//a[contains(@href, "home.do?SID=")]'), 'the element exists');
var element = __utils__.getElementByXPath('//a[contains(@href, "home.do?SID=")]');    
});

但它失败了。它返回这个:

false
undefined
started
getsid
PASS the element exists  <== XPATH WORKS
FAIL ReferenceError: Can't find variable: __utils__
#    type: uncaughtError
#    error: "ReferenceError: Can't find variable: __utils__"
ReferenceError: Can't find variable: __utils__

试试这个:

phantom.casperPath = '..n1k0-casperjs-5428865';
phantom.injectJs(phantom.casperPath + '''bin''bootstrap.js');
var url = "...";
var casper = require('casper').create();
var x = require('casper').selectXPath;
casper.start(url, function() {
 casper.echo("started");
});      
casper.then(function() {
 casper.echo("getsid");  
 var xpath = '//a[contains(@href, "home.do?SID=")]';
 var xpath_arr = { type: 'xpath', path: xpath};
 this.test.assertExists(xpath_arr, 'the element exists');
 var element = x(xpath);    
});

正如注释中所指出的,您必须在evaluate回调中使用__utils__,因为它被注入到页面中。既然你想要href,你可以使用:

casper.then(function(){
    casper.echo("getsid");  
    this.test.assertExists(x('//a[contains(@href, "home.do?SID=")]'), 'the element exists');
    var href = this.evaluate(function(){
        var element = __utils__.getElementByXPath('//a[contains(@href, "home.do?SID=")]');
        return element.href;
    });
});

这可以通过使用casper.getElementAttribute:来缩短

casper.then(function(){
    casper.echo("getsid");  
    this.test.assertExists(x('//a[contains(@href, "home.do?SID=")]'), 'the element exists');
    var href = this.getElementAttribute(x('//a[contains(@href, "home.do?SID=")]'), "href");
});

您还可以使用casper.getElementInfo来获取元素的完整信息,包括所有属性(但仅包括某些属性)。