我正在探索JavaScript中的遗产概念，我认为我错过了一些东西。

我的目标：我想创建一个继承自另一个对象的对象。JavaScript，我认为我错过了一些东西。

例如，我创建了一个对象"Student"，该对象继承自对象"Personne"。

我可以通过两种方式实现这一目标：

• 第一种方法：我在构造函数的原型中声明属性和方法（参见示例 1）。
• 第二种方法：我在构造函数本身中声明属性和方法（参见示例 2）。

从我的角度来看，这两种方式都很好。我的意思是：显然，无论哪种方式都可以正常工作。

但是，如果我看第二种方式，那么我注意到该对象没有原型。因此，我认为：这正常吗？事实上，我更喜欢第二种方式，因为我发现它更优雅。

注意：我给出了一个应该与 NodeJs 一起使用的现成脚本。我也给出执行结果。

所以我的问题是：

• 两种方式是否等效？
• 如果是，那么："原生型"属性的目的是什么？（似乎，按照第二种方式，它没有定义）。

谢谢

示例 1：我在构造函数的原型中声明属性和方法

// ---------------------------------------------
// We define a Personne.
// ---------------------------------------------
var Personne = function(inName) { // This is the constructor.
    // Do some initialization.
    console.log("Executing the constructor Personne.");
    if ('undefined' != typeof inName) {
        this.name = inName;
    }
}
var PersonnePrototype = { // This is the prototype.
    name: undefined,
    setName: function(inName) { this.name = inName; },
    getName: function() { return this.name; }
};
Personne.prototype = PersonnePrototype;
// ---------------------------------------------
// We define a Student.
// ---------------------------------------------
var Student = function(inAge, inName) { // This is the constructor.
    // Do some initialization.
    console.log("Executing the constructor Student with inAge=%d and inName=%s.", inAge, inName);
    if ('undefined' !== typeof inAge) {
        this.setAge(inAge);
    }
    if ('undefined' !== typeof inName) {
        this.setName(inName);
    }
}
Student.prototype = new Personne();
Student.prototype.age = undefined;
Student.prototype.setAge = function(inAge) { this.age = inAge; };
Student.prototype.getAge = function() { return this.age; };

示例 2：我在构造函数本身中声明属性和方法

// ---------------------------------------------
// We define a Personne.
// ---------------------------------------------
var Personne = function(inName) {
    // We define the prototype here.
    this.name = undefined;
    this.setName = function(inName) { this.name = inName; },
    this.getName = function() { return this.name; }
    // Do some initialization.
    console.log("Executing the constructor Personne with inName=%s.", inName);
    if ('undefined' !== typeof inName) {
        this.name = inName;
    }
}
// ---------------------------------------------
// We define a Student.
// ---------------------------------------------
var Student = function(inAge, inName) {
    // We define the prototype here.
    Personne.call(this, inName);
    this.age = undefined;
    this.setAge = function(inAge) { this.age = inAge; };
    this.getAge = function() { return this.age; } 
    // Do some initialization.
    console.log("Executing the constructor Student with inAge=%d and inName=%s.", inAge, inName);
    if ('undefined' !== typeof inAge) {
        this.setAge(inAge);
    }           
}

即用型脚本

if (process.argv.length < 3) {
    console.log('Usage: node "%s" <test number (1|2)>', process.argv[1]);
    return;
}
var test = process.argv[2];
if (test == 1) {
    // -------------------------------------------------
    // Executing test 1.
    // -------------------------------------------------
    console.log("Executing test 1");
    (function() {
        // ---------------------------------------------
        // We define a Personne.
        // ---------------------------------------------
        var Personne = function(inName) { // This is the constructor.
            // Do some initialization.
            console.log("Executing the constructor Personne.");
            if ('undefined' != typeof inName) {
                this.name = inName;
            }
        }
        var PersonnePrototype = { // This is the prototype.
            name: undefined,
            setName: function(inName) { this.name = inName; },
            getName: function() { return this.name; }
        };
        Personne.prototype = PersonnePrototype;
        // ---------------------------------------------
        // We define a Student.
        // ---------------------------------------------
        var Student = function(inAge, inName) { // This is the constructor.
            // Do some initialization.
            console.log("Executing the constructor Student with inAge=%d and inName=%s.", inAge, inName);
            if ('undefined' !== typeof inAge) {
                this.setAge(inAge);
            }
            if ('undefined' !== typeof inName) {
                this.setName(inName);
            }
        }
        Student.prototype = new Personne();
        Student.prototype.age = undefined;
        Student.prototype.setAge = function(inAge) { this.age = inAge; };
        Student.prototype.getAge = function() { return this.age; };
        var Tom = new Student(12, "Tom");
        console.log("The student %s is %d years old.", Tom.getName(), Tom.getAge());
        var Joe = new Student();
        Joe.setName("Joe");
        Joe.setAge(20);
        console.log("The student %s is %d years old.", Joe.getName(), Joe.getAge());
        console.log(Joe.__proto__);
        console.log(Object.getPrototypeOf(Joe));
    })();
    return;
}
if (test == 2) {
    // -------------------------------------------------
    // Executing test 2.
    // -------------------------------------------------
    console.log("Executing test 2");
    (function() {
        // ---------------------------------------------
        // We define a Personne.
        // ---------------------------------------------
        var Personne = function(inName) {
            // We define the prototype here.
            this.name = undefined;
            this.setName = function(inName) { this.name = inName; },
            this.getName = function() { return this.name; }
            // Do some initialization.
            console.log("Executing the constructor Personne with inName=%s.", inName);
            if ('undefined' !== typeof inName) {
                this.name = inName;
            }
        }
        // ---------------------------------------------
        // We define a Student.
        // ---------------------------------------------
        var Student = function(inAge, inName) {
            // We define the prototype here.
            Personne.call(this, inName);
            this.age = undefined;
            this.setAge = function(inAge) { this.age = inAge; };
            this.getAge = function() { return this.age; } 
            // Do some initialization.
            console.log("Executing the constructor Student with inAge=%d and inName=%s.", inAge, inName);
            if ('undefined' !== typeof inAge) {
                this.setAge(inAge);
            }           
        }
        var Tom = new Student(12, "Tom");
        console.log("The student %s is %d years old.", Tom.getName(), Tom.getAge());
        var Joe = new Student();
        Joe.setName("Joe");
        Joe.setAge(20);
        console.log("The student %s is %d years old.", Joe.getName(), Joe.getAge());
        console.log(Joe.__proto__);
        console.log(Object.getPrototypeOf(Joe));
    })();
    return;
}
console.log("Bad test number %d.", test);

执行：

$ node oo.js 1
Executing test 1
Executing the constructor Personne.
Executing the constructor Student with inAge=12 and inName=Tom.
The student Tom is 12 years old.
Executing the constructor Student with inAge=NaN and inName=undefined.
The student Joe is 20 years old.
{ age: undefined, setAge: [Function], getAge: [Function] }
{ age: undefined, setAge: [Function], getAge: [Function] }

和

$ node oo.js 2
Executing test 2
Executing the constructor Personne with inName=Tom.
Executing the constructor Student with inAge=12 and inName=Tom.
The student Tom is 12 years old.
Executing the constructor Personne with inName=undefined.
Executing the constructor Student with inAge=NaN and inName=undefined.
The student Joe is 20 years old.
{}
{}