您可以使用呼叫或与新申请

can you use call or apply with new?

本文关键字:新申请 呼叫 可以使      更新时间:2023-09-26

与如何使用调用或应用调用javascript构造函数有关?

但不一样,我试图将 SO 答案应用于 John Resig 在未正确调用时强制构造函数。

function User(first, last){ 
  if ( !(this instanceof User) )
    // the line I want to replace, or remove the redundancy from:
    return new User(first, last);
  this.name = first + " " + last; 
} 
var name = "Resig"; 
var user = User("John", name); 
assert( user, "This was defined correctly, even if it was by mistake." ); 
assert( name == "Resig", "The right name was maintained." );

目标代码行意味着每次构造函数更改时,都必须有人记住更改内部自调用参数。在过去的 3 天里,我已经就这个问题进行了 3 次项目旅行。

链接问题中的所有示例都谈到了传递constructor,但是在这种情况下constructor是什么?它甚至还没有完成定义。

但到目前为止,所有尝试都没有通过测试,或者抛出堆栈溢出。

如何确保被调用的构造函数即使在没有 new 关键字的情况下调用也能正确响应instanceof User,同时消除参数参数的重复?

一些选项,全部使用 Object.create

选项 1:

function User(first, last){ 
  var rv;
  if ( !(this instanceof User) ) {
    // They called us without `new`: Create an object backed by `User.prototype`:
    rv = Object.create(User.prototype);
    // Now, call this function applying the arguments
    User.apply(rv, arguments);
    // Return the object
    return rv;
  }
  // Normal constructor stuff    
  this.name = first + " " + last; 
} 
当然,不必

为您创建的每个构造函数重复所有这些逻辑,您可以使用帮助程序函数:

function constructWith(obj, ctor, args) {
    if (obj instanceof ctor) {
        return null;
    }
    obj = Object.create(ctor.prototype);
    ctor.apply(obj, args);
    return obj;
}

然后

function User(first, last){ 
  var rv;
  if ((rv = constructWith(this, User, arguments)) != null) {
      return rv;
  }
  // Normal constructor stuff    
  this.name = first + " " + last; 
} 

选项 2:不要过多使用this

function User(first, last){ 
  var rv;
  if (this instanceof User) {
    // They (probably) used `new`, all is good, use `this`
    rv = this;
  } else {
    // They didn't use `new`, create an object backed by `User.prototype`
    rv = Object.create(User.prototype);
  }
  // ...use `rv`, not `this`, from here on
  rv.name = first + " " + last; 
  // This is important for the case where they didn't use `new`, and harmless
  // in the case where they did.
  return rv;
} 

如您所见,这要简单得多,但是如果您真的喜欢语法突出显示(说真的,我有一个客户,this跳出来真的很重要)等等......

当然,您可以将其包含在帮助程序中:

function useOrConstruct(obj, ctor) {
    return obj instanceof ctor ? obj : Object.create(ctor.prototype);
}

然后

function User(first, last){ 
  var rv = useOrConstruct(this, User);
  // ...use `rv`, not `this`, from here on
  rv.name = first + " " + last; 
  // This is important for the case where they didn't use `new`, and harmless
  // in the case where they did.
  return rv;
} 

选项 3:constructOMatic

当然,如果我们要定义助手,也许我们应该全猪:

function User() {
    return constructOMatic(this, User, arguments, function(first, last) {
        this.name = first + " " + last;
    });
}

constructOMatic在哪里:

function constructOMatic(obj, ctor, args, callback) {
    var rv;
    if (!(obj instanceof ctor)) {
        obj = Object.create(ctor.prototype);
    }
    rv = callback.apply(obj, args);
    return rv !== null && typeof rv === "object" ? rv : obj;
}

现在,您可以在回调中尽情使用this。摆弄rv与 最后return obj是模拟new的行为(new表达式的结果是由new运算符创建的对象,除非构造函数返回非null对象引用,在这种情况下优先)。


Object.create 是所有现代浏览器上的 ES5 功能,但上面使用的单参数版本可以用于过时的浏览器:

if (!Object.create) {
    Object.create = function(proto, props) {
        if (typeof props !== "undefined") {
            throw "The two-argument version of Object.create cannot be shimmed.";
        }
        function ctor() { }
        ctor.prototype = proto;
        return new ctor; // Yes, you really don't need () (but put them on if you prefer)
    };
}

复制和粘贴非常简单,代码很干净。你不需要改变它。

如果你接受eval,你可以这样做:

function User(first, last){ 
  if ( !(this instanceof arguments.callee) ) {
    var name = arguments.callee.name;
    var param = [].map.call(arguments,function(e,i){return 'arguments['+i+']';});
    return eval('new '+name+'('+ param +')');
  }
  this.name = first + " " + last;
}
//test
var user1 = User("John", "Resig");
var user2 = new User("John", "Resig");

没有eval,你可以这样做:

function instantiate(C,a){
    switch(a.length){
        case 0: return new C();
        case 1: return new C(a[0]);
        case 2: return new C(a[0],a[1]);
        case 3: return new C(a[0],a[1],a[2]);
        case 4: return new C(a[0],a[1],a[2],a[3]);
        default : throw("too many arguments");
    }
}
function User(first, last){ 
  if ( !(this instanceof arguments.callee) ) {
    return instantiate(arguments.callee, arguments);
  }
  this.name = first + " " + last;
}

//test
var user1 = User("John", "Resig");
var user2 = new User("John", "Resig");

在 ECMAScript 6 中,你可以使用 spread 运算符将带有 new 关键字的构造函数应用于参数数组:

"use strict";
function User(first, last){ 
  if ( !(this instanceof User) ) {
    return new User(...arguments);
  }
  this.name = first + " " + last;
}