Typeerror: app.use()需要中间件功能

我正在用express模板引擎学习node.js，我正在遵循udemy课程"通过构建10个项目来学习node.js"，而在教授运行npm start localhost:3000开始时，在讲座之后，我弹出错误指示应用程序。使用需要中间件函数我试过匹配代码和它的相同。请帮我解决这个错误，我已经被困在这里几个小时了，尝试了很多编辑，但它不适合我。

当我试图运行'npm start'以下错误弹出

TypeError: app.use() required middleware functions

app.js代码如下:

var express = require('express');
var path = require('path');
var favicon = require('serve-favicon');
var logger = require('morgan');
var expressValidator = require('express-validator');
var cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
var session = require('express-session');
var passport = require('passport');
var LocalStrategy = require('passport-local').Strategy;
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
var multer = require('multer');
var flash = require('connect-flash');
var mongo = require('mongodb');
var mongoose = require('mongoose');
var db = mongoose.connection;
var routes = require('./routes/index');
var users = require('./routes/users');
var app = express();
// view engine setup
app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));
app.set('view engine', 'jade');
//Handle File Uploads
app.use(multer({
  dest: './uploads'
}));
// uncomment after placing your favicon in /public
//app.use(favicon(__dirname + '/public/favicon.ico'));
app.use(logger('dev'));
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({
  extended: false
}));
//Handle Express Sessions
app.use(session({
  secret: 'secret',
  saveUninitialied: true,
  resave: true
}));
//Passport
app.use(passport.initialize());
app.use(passport.session());
//Validator
app.use(expressValidator({
  errorFormatter: function(param, msg, value) {
    var namespace = param.split('.'),
      root = namespace.shift(),
      formParam = root;
    while (namespace.length) {
      formParam += '[' + namespace.shift() + ']';
    }
    return {
      param: formParam,
      msg: msg,
      value: value
    };
  }
}));
app.use(cookieParser());
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));
app.use(flash());
app.use(function(req, res, next) {
  res.locals.messages = require('express-messages')(req, res);
  next();
});
app.use('/', routes);
app.use('/users', users);
// catch 404 and forward to error handler
app.use(function(req, res, next) {
  var err = new Error('Not Found');
  err.status = 404;
  next(err);
});
// error handlers
// development error handler
// will print stacktrace
if (app.get('env') === 'development') {
  app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
    res.status(err.status || 500);
    res.render('error', {
      message: err.message,
      error: err
    });
  });
}
// production error handler
// no stacktraces leaked to user
app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
  res.status(err.status || 500);
  res.render('error', {
    message: err.message,
    error: {}
  });
});

module.exports = app;

这是包。json文件

{
  "name": "nodeauth",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node ./bin/www"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "body-parser": "~1.12.4",
    "cookie-parser": "~1.3.5",
    "debug": "~2.2.0",
    "express": "~4.12.4",
    "jade": "~1.9.2",
    "morgan": "~1.5.3",
    "serve-favicon": "~2.2.1",
    "mongodb": "*",
    "mongoose": "*",
    "connect-flash": "*",
    "express-validator": "*",
    "express-session": "*",
    "express-messages": "*",
    "passport": "*",
    "passport-local": "*",
    "passport-http": "*",
    "multer": "*"
  }
}

这是更新后的app.js(删除multitar后)

var express          = require('express'),
    path             = require('path'),
    favicon          = require('serve-favicon'),
    logger           = require('morgan'),
    cookieParser     = require('cookie-parser'),
    expressValidator = require('express-validator'),
    session          = require('express-session'),
    passport         = require('passport'),
    LocalStrategy    = require('passport-local').Strategy,
    bodyParser       = require('body-parser'),
    flash            = require('connect-flash'),
    mongo            = require('mongodb'),
    mongoose         = require('mongoose'),
    db = mongoose.connection,
    routes = require('./routes/index'),
    users  = require('./routes/users'),
    app = express();
// view engine setup
app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));
app.set('view engine', 'jade');
// handle file uploads
//multer delted

// uncomment after placing your favicon in /public
//app.use(favicon(__dirname + '/public/favicon.ico'));
app.use(logger('dev'));
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
// handle express sessions
app.use(session({
  secret: 'keyboard cat',
  resave: true,
  saveUninitialized: true
}));
// passport
app.use(passport.initialize());
app.use(passport.session());
// validator
app.use(expressValidator({
  errorFormatter: function(param, msg, value) {
    var namespace = param.split('.'),
        root      = namespace.shift(),
        formParam = root;
    while(namespace.length) {
      formParam += '[' + namespace.shift() + ']';
    }
    return {
      param: formParam,
      msg  : msg,
      value: value
    };
  }
}));
app.use(cookieParser());
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));
// flash
app.use(flash());
// express messages
app.use(function(req, res, next) {
  res.locals.messages = require('express-messages')(req, res);
  next();
});
app.get('*', function(req, res, next) {
  res.locals.user = req.user || null;
  next();
});
app.use('/', routes);
app.use('/users', users);
// catch 404 and forward to error handler
app.use(function(req, res, next) {
  var err = new Error('Not Found');
  err.status = 404;
  next(err);
});
// error handlers
// development error handler
// will print stacktrace
if (app.get('env') === 'development') {
  app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
    res.status(err.status || 500);
    res.render('error', {
      message: err.message,
      error: err
    });
  });
}
// production error handler
// no stacktraces leaked to user
app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
  res.status(err.status || 500);
  res.render('error', {
    message: err.message,
    error: {}
  });
});

//Express server
var http = require('http');
var server = http.createServer(app);
app.get('/', function(req, res) {
    res.send("Hello World!");
});
server.listen(3000, 'localhost');
server.on('listening', function() {
    console.log('Express server started on port %s at %s', server.address().port, server.address().address);
});
module.exports = app;

谢谢