生成目录时出错

Errors in generating a Table Of Contents

本文关键字:出错      更新时间:2023-09-26

这是我需要一点帮助完成的另一个家庭作业。需要发生的是 JavaScript 查看标头并创建一个列表。我已经完成了大部分。我只需要一些事情的帮助。例如:我应该在项目"b"中输入什么 ID,如说明所述 Set the value of the "headingText" variable to the content of the element with an ID = to the current value of the counter variable.这是否意味着a充当变量而不必用var声明?感谢帮助。

.HTML

<article>
 <h2>United States Bill Of Rights</h2>
 <h3>Table Of Contents</h3>
 <ul>
 <!-- The Table Of Contents will appear here. -->
 </ul>
 <h3 id="1">Amendment I</h3>
 <p>Congress shall...</p>
 <h3 id="2">Amendment II</h3>
 <p>A well regulated Militia...</p>
 <h3 id="3">Amendment III</h3>
 <p>No Soldier shall...</p>
 <h3 id="4">Amendment IV</h3>
 <p>The right of the people...</p>
 <h3 id="5">Amendment V</h3>
 <p>No person shall be held...</p>
 <h3 id="6">Amendment VI</h3>
 <p>In all criminal prosecutions...</p>
 <h3 id="7">Amendment VII</h3>
 <p>In Suits at common law...</p>
 <h3 id="8">Amendment VIII</h3>
 <p>Excessive bail shall...</p>
 <h3 id="9">Amendment IX</h3>
 <p>The enumeration in the Constitution...</p>
 <h3 id="10">Amendment X</h3>
 <p>The powers not delegated to the...</p>
</article>

JavaScript

<script type="text/javascript">
 var TOCEntry = "";
 // References the only "<ul>" in the document.
 var list = document.getElementsByTagName ("ul");
 var headingText= "";
 var TOCEntry = "";
 function createTOC () {
  // a. This counter will = "1", and will repeat the loop as long as the value is LTG "10", and will increment the counter variable by "1" each time through.
  for (a = 1; a <= 10; a++) {
   // Within the "for" loop, add statements that do the following:
   // b. Set the value of the "headingText" variable to the content of the element with an ID = to the current value of the counter variable ("a").
   document.getElementById ("___").innerHTML = headingText;
   // c. Create a new <li> element and assign it as the value of the "TOCEntry" variable.
   var TOCEntry = document.createElement ("li");
   document.body.appendChild (TOCEntry);
   // d. Set the content of the "TOCEntry" Node to the following: "<a href=#" + i ">" + headingText + "</a>".
   var TOCEntry = document.getElementsByTagName ("li").textContent = "";
   // e. Add the "TOCEntry" Node as the last child to the list Node.
  }
 }
 // Backwards-compatibility event listener
 if (window.addEventListener) {
  window.addEventListener ("load", createTOC, false);
 }
 else if (window.attachEvent) {
  window.attachEvent ("onload", createTOC);
 }
</script>

关于我为什么做我所做的事情的解释将在底部

// References the only "<ul>" in the document.
var list = document.getElementById("tableOfContents");
function createTOC () {
  // a. This counter will = "1", and will repeat the loop as long as the value is LTG "10", and will increment the counter variable by "1" each time through.
  for (var a = 1; a <= 10; a++) {
    (function(a) {
    // Within the "for" loop, add statements that do the following:
    // b. Set the value of the "headingText" variable to the content of the element with an ID = to the current value of the counter variable ("a").
    var headingText = document.getElementById(a).innerHTML;
   // c. Create a new <li> element and assign it as the value of the "TOCEntry" variable.
    var TOCEntry = document.createElement ("li");
   // d. Set the content of the "TOCEntry" Node to the following: "<a href=#" + i ">" + headingText + "</a>".
    TOCEntry.innerHTML = "<a href='"#" + a + "'">" + headingText + "</a>";
    // e. Add the "TOCEntry" Node as the last child to the list Node.
    list.appendChild (TOCEntry);
  })(a);
 }
}
// Backwards-compatibility event listener
if (window.addEventListener) {
 window.addEventListener ("load", createTOC, false);
}
else if (window.attachEvent) {
 window.attachEvent ("onload", createTOC);
}
<article>
 <h2>United States Bill Of Rights</h2>
 <h3>Table Of Contents</h3>
 <ul id="tableOfContents">
 <!-- The Table Of Contents will appear here. -->
 </ul>
 <h3 id="1">Amendment I</h3>
 <p>Congress shall...</p>
 <h3 id="2">Amendment II</h3>
 <p>A well regulated Militia...</p>
 <h3 id="3">Amendment III</h3>
 <p>No Soldier shall...</p>
 <h3 id="4">Amendment IV</h3>
 <p>The right of the people...</p>
 <h3 id="5">Amendment V</h3>
 <p>No person shall be held...</p>
 <h3 id="6">Amendment VI</h3>
 <p>In all criminal prosecutions...</p>
 <h3 id="7">Amendment VII</h3>
 <p>In Suits at common law...</p>
 <h3 id="8">Amendment VIII</h3>
 <p>Excessive bail shall...</p>
 <h3 id="9">Amendment IX</h3>
 <p>The enumeration in the Constitution...</p>
 <h3 id="10">Amendment X</h3>
 <p>The powers not delegated to the...</p>
</article>

  • [getElementsByTagName][1]返回一个HTMLCollection,而不是元素,因此,只有当您显式获取第一个元素时,您使用它来获取目录才可行。(这就是为什么我给TOC一个标识符)
  • 在评论中提到,对于没有 var 关键字的循环,不应该使用,但没有解释原因:当没有 var 关键字时,JS 会将名称视为属于现有变量(因为这通常是使用该关键字的变量时)。当JS沿着词法层次结构向上走时,它最终会到达window,如果不存在,它将用该名称创建一个变量。在这种特殊情况下,这不是一个大问题,但是如果您处理很多并发性(这在JS中很常见),for循环很容易开始相互遍历。
  • for循环中立即调用的匿名函数存在,因此循环的每个迭代在词法上都与其他迭代分开,因此 TOCEntry 变量不会发生冲突。(headingtext是一个基元字符串,因此将按值传递,因此没有冲突的风险。(此外,事件侦听器现在的行为将更加直观,而不是所有事件侦听器都引用闭包公开的最后一个a值)
  • 标题的 ID 是连续的,您的循环循环遍历它们,因此document.getElementById(a)将获取与调用它的迭代相关的任何标题。

此外,i是迭代器的伪标准名称;它应该总是你去的第一个迭代器(虽然这是在你的老师身上,这就是为什么它不在列表中。