Javascript无法看到动态生成的元素

Javascript cannot see dynamically generated elements?

本文关键字:元素 动态 Javascript      更新时间:2023-09-26

我不知道为什么新生成的元素不能被下一个调用的函数看到?谢谢你的帮助!!解决方案:添加async:false以禁用异步功能,以确保test-output-2和test-output-3在出生过程后执行。默认情况下,ajax使用async:true,这有点像多线程。

function birth(mom)
{
    $.ajax(
    {url: "/cgi-bin/count.cgi",   // return 3 for sure
     async: false,   // add this to disable asynchronous feature to make sure test-output-2 and test-output-3 executed after birth process
     success: function(xkids)     // xkids is 3
     {
         for( var i = 0; i < xkids; i++ )
         {
             mom.appendChild(document.createElement("div"));
             mom.children[i].setAttribute("id", "child-"+i);
         }
         document.getElementById("test-output-1").innerHTML = mom.children.length;   // now there are 3 children
     }
    });
     document.getElementById("test-output-2").innerHTML = mom.children.length;   // there are 0 children if async: true
} 
var marry = document.getElementById("Marry"); // currently no child
birth(marry);
function whereIsTheChildren()
{
    document.getElementById("test-output-3").innerHTML = marry.children.length;   // there are 0 children if async: true
} 
whereIsTheChildren();

在加载元素之前尝试在DOM中定位元素是不起作用的(一旦遇到它,脚本就会立即运行。如果它在文件中的html之上,则元素还不存在,因此找不到)

类似地,启动AJAX请求,然后将其视为同步操作(在执行更多代码之前等待操作完成)将不起作用。

在第一个例子中,在浏览器有时间解析HTML之前就遇到了代码,因此当你试图获得对它的引用时,DOM中不存在该元素——这可以通过等待文档发出加载完成的信号来解决。

第二个问题是,在激发birth函数之后,立即激发whereIsTheChildren函数。不幸的是,ajax请求仍处于挂起状态,因此我们还没有得到需要使用的结果。这是通过将对whereIsTheChildren的调用放在ajax请求的成功回调中来解决的。

我举了一个快速的例子,使用vanillaJS和PHP——只需将对PHP文件的请求替换为对CGI的请求。

getKidCount.php

<?php
    echo "3";
?>

index.html

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
"use strict";
function byId(id,parent){return (parent == undefined ? document : parent).getElementById(id);}
function myAjaxGet(url, successCallback, errorCallback)
{
    var ajax = new XMLHttpRequest();
    ajax.onreadystatechange = function()
    {
        if (this.readyState==4 && this.status==200)
            successCallback(this);
    }
    ajax.onerror = function()
    {
        console.log("AJAX request failed to: " + url);
        errorCallback(this);
    }
    ajax.open("GET", url, true);
    ajax.send();
}
window.addEventListener('load', onDocLoaded, false);
function onDocLoaded(evt)
{
    //birth(3, byId("Marry") );
    myBirth( byId('Marry') );
}
function myBirth(parentElem)
{
    myAjaxGet('getKidCount.php', onAjaxSuccess, onAjaxFail);
    function onAjaxSuccess(ajax)
    {
        var numKids = parseInt(ajax.responseText);
        for (var i=0; i<numKids; i++)
        {
            var div = document.createElement('div');
            div.id = ("child-"+i);
            parentElem.appendChild(div);
        }
        document.getElementById("test-output-1").innerHTML = parentElem.children.length;   // now there are 3 children
        whereIsTheChildren();
    }
    function onAjaxFail(ajax)
    {
        alert("Ajax failed. :(");
    }
}
function whereIsTheChildren()
{
    document.getElementById("test-output-2").innerHTML = byId('Marry').children.length;   // there are 0 children
} 

/*
function birth(xkids, mom)
{
    for( var i = 0; i < xkids; i++ )
    {
        mom.appendChild(document.createElement("div"));
        mom.children[i].setAttribute("id", "child-"+i);
    }
    document.getElementById("test-output-1").innerHTML = mom.children.length;   // now there are 3 children
} 
function birth(mom)
{
    $.ajax(
    {url: "/cgi-bin/count.cgi",   // return 3 for sure
     success: function(xkids)     // xkids is 3
     {
         for( var i = 0; i < xkids; i++ )
         {
             mom.appendChild(document.createElement("div"));
             mom.children[i].setAttribute("id", "child-"+i);
         }
         document.getElementById("test-output-1").innerHTML = mom.children.length;   // now there are 3 children
     }
     document.getElementById("test-output-2").innerHTML = mom.children.length;   // now there are 0 children
} 
*/
</script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id='test-output-1'></div>
    <div id='test-output-2'></div>
    <div id='Marry'></div>
</body>
</html>

修改为在DOM中表示,也在console.log 中

function birth(xkids, mom) {
  var mom = document.querySelector(mom);
  console.log('Mom: '+mom.id);
  for (var i = 0; i < xkids; i++) {
    mom.appendChild(document.createElement("div"));
    mom.children[i].setAttribute("id", "child-" + i);
    mom.children[i].innerHTML = mom.children[i].id;
  }
  console.log(mom.id+' has '+mom.children.length+' children');
  var test = document.createElement("output");
  document.body.appendChild(test);
  test.value = mom.id + ' ' + mom.children.length;
}
birth(3, '#Marry');
birth(5, '#Liz');
birth(2, '#Betty');
div {
  outline: 1px solid black;
  width: 100px;
  height: 30px;
}
output {
  outline: 1px solid red;
  color: red;
  margin: 10px auto;
  padding: 2px;
  float: left;
}
.mom {
  outline: 1px dashed blue;
  width: 100px;
  height: auto;
  padding: 5px;
  display: inline-block;
}
<div id="Marry" class="mom">Marry</div>
<div id="Liz" class="mom">Liz</div>
<div id="Betty" class="mom">Betty</div>

你把它放在window.onload事件处理程序中了吗?你的代码正在工作,检查这个小提琴

window.onload=function(){
function birth(xkids, mom)
{
    for( var i = 0; i < xkids; i++ )
    {
        mom.appendChild(document.createElement("div"));
        mom.children[i].setAttribute("id", "child-"+i);
    }
    document.getElementById("test-output-1").innerHTML = mom.children.length;   // now there are 3 children
} 
var marry = document.getElementById("Marry"); // currently no child
birth(3, marry);
function whereIsTheChildren()
{
    document.getElementById("test-output-2").innerHTML = marry.children.length;   // there are 0 children
} 
whereIsTheChildren();
}