在Django中包含自定义javascript的最佳实践

Best practice for including custom javascript in Django?

本文关键字：最佳 javascript 自定义 Django 包含      更新时间：2023-09-26

对Django来说还是个新手。我正在尝试将日历小部件合并到date输入中，如本教程所示。下面的test.html工作正常:

{% extends "base_alt_simple.html" %} # note this has {% load static %}
{% block title %}Schedule{% endblock %}
{% block main_content %}
<div class="container">
  <h3>Building name</h3>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="bootstrap-iso">
 <div class="container-fluid">
  <div class="row">
   <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12">
    <form method="post">
     <div class="form-group ">
      <label class="control-label " for="date">
       Date
      </label>
      <div class="input-group">
       <div class="input-group-addon">
        <i class="fa fa-calendar">
        </i>
       </div>
       <input class="form-control" id="date" name="date" placeholder="MM/DD/YYYY" type="text"/>
      </div>
     </div>
     <div class="form-group">
      <div>
       <button class="btn btn-primary " name="submit" type="submit">
        Submit
       </button>
      </div>
     </div>
    </form>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
    $(document).ready(function(){
        var date_input=$('input[name="date"]'); //our date input has the name "date"
        var container=$('.bootstrap-iso form').length>0 ? $('.bootstrap-iso form').parent() : "body";
        date_input.datepicker({
            format: 'mm/dd/yyyy',
            container: container,
            todayHighlight: true,
            autoclose: true,
        })
    })
</script>

但是，如果我想保持javascript在custom.js，我该如何加载这个?

对于最初的答案，我使用:

<script src="{% static 'custom.js' %}"></script>

但是日历弹出不再工作。我在这里显然误解了一些关于如何拉入custom.js功能。谢谢你的建议。

, base_alt_simple.html : 

{% load staticfiles %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <title>{% block title %}Home{% endblock title %}</title>
    <!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
    <link href="{% static 'css/bootstrap.min.css' %}" rel="stylesheet">
    <!-- Custom Fonts -->
    <link href="{% static 'css/font-awesome.min.css' %}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lora" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:400,700" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Abril+Fatface" rel="stylesheet">
    <!-- Custom CSS -->
    <link href="{% static 'css/grayscale.min.css' %}" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="{% static 'css/custom.css' %}" rel="stylesheet">
    <!-- favicon -->
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="{%  static 'images/favicon.ico' %}">

    <!-- HTML5 Shim and Respond.js IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->
    <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// -->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
        <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7.0/html5shiv.js"></script>
        <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
</head>
<body id="page-top" data-spy="scroll" data-target=".navbar-fixed-top">
<!-- Static navbar -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
  <div class="container">
    <div class="navbar-header">
      <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
        <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
      </button>
      <a class="navbar-brand page-scroll" href="{% url 'index' %}">
        <img id="logo" src="{% static 'images/Logo1.png' %}">
      </a>
    </div>
    <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
      <!-- <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> -->
      <form method='GET' action='' class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
        <input type='text' name='q' placeholder='Search apartments' value='{{ request.GET.q }}'/>
        <input type='submit' value='Search' />
      </form>
        <!-- <li><a href="#">User <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" id="logIcon"></span></a></li> -->
        <!-- <li><a href="#"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-home" id="logIcon"></span></a></li> -->
      <!-- </ul> -->
    </div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
  </div>
</nav>
{% block main_content %}
{% endblock %}

    <!-- Bootstrap core JavaScript
================================================== -->
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="../../assets/js/vendor/jquery.min.js"><'/script>')</script>
<script src="{% static 'bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
<!-- IE10 viewport hack for Surface/desktop Windows 8 bug -->
<script src="{% static 'ie10-viewport-bug-workaround.js' %}"></script>
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.1.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<!-- Include jQuery -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.11.3.min.js"></script>
<!-- Bootstrap Date-Picker Plugin -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-datepicker/1.4.1/js/bootstrap-datepicker.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-datepicker/1.4.1/css/bootstrap-datepicker3.css"/>


</body>

</html>

编辑新增完整电流test.html

{% extends "base_alt_simple.html" %}
{% load static %}
{% block title %}Schedule{% endblock %}
{% block main_content %}
<div class="container">
  <h3>Building name</h3>
</div>
<div class="container">
  <div class="jumbotron">
  <h4>Find a time to visit </h4>
  <div class="container">
  <div class="row">

   <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12">
    <form method="post">
     <div class="form-group ">
      <label class="control-label " for="date">
       Date
      </label>
      <div class="input-group">
       <div class="input-group-addon">
        <i class="fa fa-calendar">
        </i>
       </div>
       <input class="form-control" id="date" name="date" placeholder="MM/DD/YYYY" type="text"/>
      </div>
     </div>
     <div class="form-group">
      <div>
       <button class="btn btn-primary " name="submit" type="submit">
        Submit
       </button>
      </div>
     </div>
    </form>
   </div>
  </div> <!-- row -->
  </div> <!-- /container -->
  </div> <!-- end jumbotron -->
</div> <!-- end container -->

{% endblock main_content %}

{% block scripts %}
<script src="{% static 'js/custom.js' %}"></script> 
{% endblock scripts %}

你必须使用静态文件，按照这个django文档中的步骤操作。

假设你把yourscript.js放在django app目录your_app/static/yourscript.js中，你所要做的就是:

{% load static %}
<script src="{% static 'yourscript.js' %}"></script>

希望这对你有帮助!

更新:

确保custom.js在 bootstrap和datepicker之后放置，这样你就可以将

<script src="{% static 'custom.js' %}"></script>

在base_alt_simple.html的</body>前面。或者，如果你不想把它放在那里，你可以定义一个脚本块:

{% block scripts %}
{% endblock %}

再次出现在base_alt_simple.html和test.html的</body>前:

{% load static %}
{% block scripts %}
<script src="{% static 'custom.js' %}"></script>
{% endblock %}

另外，不要忘记将custom.js放在your_app/static/custom.js中并重新启动服务器。

Django以完全不同的方式将静态文件加载到模板中。你应该首先设置你的static目录，然后使用Django的特殊templatetag从那里加载静态文件。如果你有你的js代码在yourscript.js，在你的模板你会做以下的:

{% load static %}
<script src="{% static 'relative/path/from/static/dir/yourscript.js' %}"></script>

Django将静态文件收集到static目录。为了获得更多关于如何在项目中设置静态目录的信息，请阅读关于静态文件的官方Django文档

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